Small Town Means Business Improving Local Economy

Gabrielle Bolin Dr. Lindsy Lawrence English 1213 0D4 23 April 2015 This Small Town Means Business: Improving Local Economy When you grow up in a small town the one thing that is the most difficult to withstand is boredom. At least, that’s how it is for the youth of the area. However, when you look at it from an older and more mature perspective you might realize that the main issue with some small towns is job availability, as well as the town’s revenue for different projects, etc. Recently my hometown has been undertaking a few different projects that will really benefit the area and it’s economy. The youth league softball program has grown tremendously within the past few years. Due to that improvement, Sallisaw was chosen to host a state tournament. Which was wonderful until we realized that our softball complex was not best suited for a tournament of this magnitude. This is when talk began on building an entirely new sports complex for all of the youth league sports in the area. One other issue arose through hosting this tou rnament. Out of sixty-three teams who were in the tournament last summer, only one team stayed in Sallisaw. The rest of the teams were sent to stay in hotels here in Fort Smith, all because the hotels that are located in Sallisaw did not have an indoor swimming pool. The teams would rather make a thirty minute commute than stay in a hotel that does not have a swimming pool. The next project Sallisaw is undertaking is bringing in a well-known hotelShow MoreRelatedEssay on Wal-Marts Positive Influence on American Businesses1025 Words   |  5 Pagesconsumption of the consumer. Wal-Mart and its quest for capital improvement are playing a major and vital role in the evolution of economic life. 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Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 922 Words

Never make someone else suffer for the mistakes which you make. Be responsible and account for what you do. The Ewell family does exactly this to Tom Robinson, blaming him for a crime he does not commit, and getting away with it. To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, is a story about the lives of people in the county of Maycomb in the 1930 s. Lee uses mockingbirds to symbolize innocence and purity, she explains that mockingbirds should not be killed, unlike other birds, because they do not cause destruction, they only sing for others enjoyment. Tom Robinson is an African-American man who gets accused of raping Mayella Ewell, by her and her father, Bob Ewell, who is a drunk. In court, the jury rules Tom guilty, only based on the fact that he is black, and the Ewells are white, however, Tom is, in fact, innocent and has done nothing wrong. Tom Robinson best represents the mockingbird in the text, because he symbolizes innocence by only wanting to help people, with no bad intentions. Tom Robinson symbolizes innocence because he will not hurt anyone, even when they are hurting him. Tom is called to the stand during his trial, and Atticus Finch, a lawyer, is questioning him. He asks Tom about what happened the night he supposedly raped Mayella Ewell. Mr. Finch asks, Did you resist her advances? and Tom answers, Mr. Finch, I tried. I tried ‘thout bein ugly to her. I didn t wanta be ugly, I didn t wanta push her or nothin . (260) The phrase ‘thout bein uglyShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Lee’s mother. With that being said Harper Lee became a writer like he r father, but she became a American writer, famous for her race relations novel â€Å"ToRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestlyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† throughout the novel by writing innocent characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinson’s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there was poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreHarper Lee and to Kill a Mockingbird931 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee and her Works Harper Lee knew first hand about the life in the south in the 1930s. She was born in Monroeville, Alabama in 1926 (Castleman 2). Harper Lee was described by one of her friends as Queen of the Tomboys (Castleman 3). Scout Finch, the main character of Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockinbird, was also a tomboy. Many aspects of To Kill a Mockingbird are autobiographical (Castleman 3). Harper Lees parents were Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings.Growing up is used frequently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the theme growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1052 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. Why is the preconception of racism, discrimination, and antagonism so highly related to some of the characters in this book? People often have a preconceived idea or are biased about one’s decision to live, dress, or talk. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee examines the preconceptionRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establ ishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,Read MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words   |  8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, her

AMS Final Study Guide Free Essays

string(86) " Caucasian so owners had business because whites wouldn’t live there otherwise\." Dances danced to Bebop included the lindy hop and the apple Jack emerged-both also seen as resistive – double v double time (time refers to the speed in bebop) -A type of music that focused on asymmetry and dissonance, made so white artists loudest play it (involved technical mastering), lots of improve that moved away from sheet music. Very similar to Jim Hendrix taking an American style (Jazz) and transforming It to fit a new culture with the wave of Immigrants. Often played In clubs where coot suitors loitered, acted as a form of musical protest and resistance against the white mainstream Jazz. We will write a custom essay sample on AMS Final Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Birth of a new kind of Jazz, one that symbolizes youth and change within American society. Shifted focus from white/swing black/ bebop Bracers Program â€Å"An emergency farm labor plan that was extremely successful at meeting its goal of supplying cheap labor. -After WI there were several â€Å"bracer’s† (manual laborers) that stopped working as farm laborers on their own side of the border and came to El Paso center to be recruited for agricultural labor. Bracers translates too â€Å"manual laborer who works with arms† The program was started in 1942 by FED and it allowed Mexican agricultural laborers to have a temporary contract. Mexico was viewed as a part of the Allies during WI. Brought hundreds of thousands of Mexican people to the U. S and fostered the Idea that Mexican workers were entirely dispensable and that once they were no longer 1942 and 1947 continued after WWW Operation wetback’s† MM Mexican and Mexican Americans who were U. S citizens or legal residents deported back to Mexico. Buffalo Bill -Creator of the popular commercial entertainment business â€Å"Buffalo Bills, Wild West† from 1883-1916, that reduced complex events into romanticizes scenes of the frontier. The creator, William F. Codswallop Bill†-the main attraction of the show- because he was a â€Å"real† man of the frontier who became popular for killing a young Indian warrior named Yellow Hand, through scalping. -Led people to believe the acts during the show were real, even though they were often traumatized and left out the Indians side of the story -scenes drawn from buffalo bills dime novels and was considered â€Å"American national entertainment† and exemplified American history in an inaccurate way. Buffalo bill is considered the hero and a self-made man. Richard Slotting Reading: From reading Cultural US Imperialism. -Romanticizes view of the American frontier, not an accurate representation. Double -An attempt by African Americans soldiers during WWW; victory at home (against discrimination) and victory abroad with the war. By fighting in the war, they hoped to gain respect and become equals. It was a response to what happened during WI, hen they were promised equality if they fought in the war, but it never happened. It was an attempt by black soldiers in WWW to demonstrate that by helping to win victory in the war, that they could establish conditions domestically for victory over discrimination. It’s immediate effect was the end of racial discrimination in the military services -A Philip Randolph and the march on Washington -Double V, double time related to bebop and coot suit, each examples or resistance and fighting the war at home. The Double V Campaign became a s ymbol of pride for Black Americans during a time when Jim Crows laws were prevalent and so many of he rights that soldiers fought for abroad were denied them at home. Article from The Pittsburgh Courier from James Thompson small acts of resistance that led to a revolution during the civil rights movement Gill Scott-Heron A Jazz and Spoken word musician, Scott-Heron’s songs discussed such matters as the superficiality of media and consumerism, as well as the idea that true revolution is not seen through publicity but through the actions of the people that go unpublished. Singer to â€Å"The Revolution Will Not Be Televised† in 1970, it was a politically conscious hip hop song, that explained how revolution is not found in hinges that give us comfort like television. It questions where we find resistance, shows how racial issues begin from within and laws are Just temporary solutions to a seemingly permanent problem. -If you want ‘revolution’, you can’t sit and wait for it to come on your TV. Set Talking about racial equality and thus the â€Å"revolution† will not be put on television; it will be live, as said in the last line. -Nine’s ad: The revolution will be not be televised†¦ Yet it was -The significance to class views. Countercultures Hurricane Strain The 2005 Hurricane that devastated Louisiana and, most famously, New Orleans after the levees broke. There was a large disparity between the opinions of the people on the ground and those portrayed by the televised news casting. The film Trouble the Water (2008), addressed the idea that Strain was a man-made disaster opposed to a natural one. Showed the depths of structural racism in that there was an unequal distribution of resources based on race. -African Americans were denied assistance, and rescuing was prioritize to whites. In addition, white housing and tourist attractions were restored much faster than black neighborhoods and housing. Demonstrates how racism is still prevalent in society even after the Civil rights Movement, shows how solving racial issues begins from within, and laws are Just temporary solutions to a seemingly permanent problem. Institutional Racism: Racism that is hard to see but usually is stronger racism. – institutionalized racism, hegemony widespread agreement that things were getting better but were truly not for certain colors and poor people Elevation -First truly massed produced suburbs that had identical designs to lower housing costs. Known as the archetype for postwar suburbs across the country -In 1957, Alfred Levity created the first Elevation, a suburban area of standardized homes that rated several suburbs and a defined middle class. It became a symbol of the American dream, but was restricted to white families only, a part of the housing segregation seen back then. Displays the hegemony of racial inequality ideologies, keeping races segregated and whites as â€Å"superior† and blacks and â€Å"others† as â€Å"inferior†. -All residents must be Caucasian so owners had business because whites wouldn’t live there otherwise. You read "AMS Final Study Guide" in category "Papers" Documentary: â€Å"Race: The power of illusion† deal with systemic racism in the development of suburbs and the impact of color-blind policy. FAA specifically redline families of color. White flight Malcolm Little The birth name given to Malcolm X, a black Muslim civil rights activist Was part of nation of Islam? Began as a coot suit wearing hustler In Robin Kelly’s Riddle of the Coot, he tells the story of Malcolm Little, also known as Malcolm X, a young African American growing up during the Coot Suit era and an increasing time of forming American identities. He acquired all of the fashionable adornments of the time such as the coot suit and the conk to erase his background and identity. -Committed a series of burglaries targeting wealthy white families He his Scottish maternal grandfather -He endured a lot of pain and self-degradation to kook like a Whitman because he internalized the idea that black people were â€Å"inferior† and white people were â€Å"superior†. Shows the American values at the time, and the segregation of races despite the melting pot mentality. McDonald’s A multinational corporation which has, in the past, been indicative of social and economic challenges created by multinational corporation operations. The world’s largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants worldwide since it is a transnational company, as talked about in McDonald’s in Beijing by Hanging Yawn. -Represents Americanization and American exceptionalness by instilling American culture onto there countries through advanced technologies and products. American globalization is spreading American culture and ideologies worldwide, trying to force conformity among other nations to merge the superior American culture. â€Å"I’m loving it† expo transnational: going beyond national boundaries or interests Michael Jordan -Served as an analog to the self-made man and also hinted at how rationalization occurs as we view professional basketball players and athletes in general. -Michael Jordan is arguably one of the greatest basketball players in the NAB. He Joined the Bulls in 1984 and made the team come back alive. Jordan was certainly the most effectively marketed professional sports player and credited for making NAB popular. Famous American basketball player that played on the Chicago Bulls from 1984 to 1998. Was the world’s first globalizes sports figure, becoming the global face of Nikkei advertisements worldwide. Importance represents the transnational of Nikkei and the globalization of American culture and values worldwide. Self-made man Marketing based on race â€Å"blackness† as a marketing scheme Nikkei -A transnational cooperation. Just do it† One of the first companies to actually hold a worldwide advertising campaign for its products. Use top athletes to sponsor their products and produces single products in multiple countries ex: â€Å"air Max penny is inspired by a basketball player whose nickname is Penny†¦ Shoe contains 52 separate components produced in five different countries† -Just do it! Is the slogan of Nikkei, which is a transnational corp oration. It shows that beyond American imperialism of advancing technologies and products, there is also a globalization of American ideals being sold, a form of cultural imperialism. Demonstrates how the boundary of American ideals spreads past US borders, using production and sale of manufactured goods as a vessel of transport. An example of the spread of American ideas and ideologies Sitcom suburbs -â€Å"cookie cutter† homes -The sass’s model of similar houses with an emphasis on the white middle class family. These suburbs were often an example of institutional racial segregation, with â€Å"red zone† areas being unable to get loans and land development. -Sitcoms such as â€Å"Leave it to Beaver† and â€Å"Father Knows Best† in the asses that portrayed a nuclear family living in the suburbs. Portrayed the transmission of gender roles and the ideals of a traditional family, for example women as the housewife that should clean cook and raise the kids, while men are the ones to work outside the house. Represents hegemonic forces reinforcing gender inequality ideologies onto the nation during a time that women were fighting for their independence. An example of state sanctioned racism towards African American homeowners. Also an example of the family unit becoming socially prominent. Sleepy Lagoon Murder/Hank Leaner’s -Trial began in 1942 Jose was found on the ground already stabbed and beaten The boys went into the house and fought, came outside and punched Jose but was not responsible for his death Trial went on for 3 months 12 defendants found guilty; Hank was sentenced to life After several advocates tried o get boys out of Jail and finally did, Hank walked out of Jail with a coot suit on -Race was the central part of the riot Riots broke out between Mexican-Americans and army personnel stationed in LA. White Americans believed coot suits were extravagant and unpatriotic during war time. While Mexican Americans saw the trial as discriminatory. Coot Suit Riots (1943): The trials found these Mexican-Americans guilty without any sufficient evidence because of their race: presumed to be dangerous and guilty. Social model of disability The idea of the social model of disability was presented by guest lecturer, Ryan Cartridge. It suggests that there is a public view that there is something inherently different about those we consider to be â€Å"Disabled. As such, there are institutional precedents to treat those with disabilities differently. Race can influence this -White male is seen as the ideal/ normal in our society, so the disabled are held to this standard impairment + scatterbrained Being in a wheelchair limits the person, but not as much as society makes it out to be. -Overcoming narrative Propaganda that says despite the disability people can do things. -Often parameterized -Ex: someone with down syndrome is asked to the prom is put in the newspaper, hen this shouldn’t be a big deal If the disabled can do it then so can you. Thus saying that if disabled people want to succeed at something, they only have to try hard. -This type of propaganda is used in the dual purpose of motivating those without disabilities, while simultaneously degrading those with disabilities, by saying that what a normal person has to overcome is equivalent to what a disabled person has to overcome. Concept Explanations: Transnational and Trans national Corporation -The idea that the economy, and especially large corporations, are increasingly operating across several nations. As such, they have vested interests in multiple countries and their economies. Overall the idea that corporations now have global effects rather than local ones -Watson Definition: â€Å"Transnational describes a condition by which people, commodities, and ideas literally cross–transgress– national boundaries and are not identified with a single place of origin. † â€Å"Transnational Corporations are popularly regarded as the clearest expressions of this new adaptation(transnational)†¦ Mode of production controlled from a headquarters complex located somewhere in the First World† -Watson Reading: Transnational, Localization, and Fast Foods in East Asia -McDonald’s-localization rather than transnational -Nikkei -Coca-Cola American Capitalism Enlightened sexism -Douglass definition â€Å"Enlightened Sexism is a response, deliberate or not, to the perceived threat of a new gender regime. † -â€Å"insists the women have made plenty of progress because of feminism-aka full equality has allegedly been achieved†¦ So now it’s okay to have sexist stereotypes of girls and women† because it’s funny since we obsessing over one man, because we all know women â€Å"aren’t† actually like that† Where the Girls Are; Enlightened Sexism -goes hand in hand with embedded feminism. American Dream-America’s possibilities are limited to select groups of people, in this case women are left out Frontier thesis -The Thesis proposed by American historian Frederick Turner in 1893. It was the idea that American democracy/identity was established by the American Frontier. He stressed that by moving the frontier line it shaped America.. â€Å"Gained new strength each time it touched a new frontier. † Also by pushing out the frontier America was cutting ties with British culture and customs. The idea was that the frontier land was free†¦ Oh wait. Native Americans were there first. The frontier is a place where savagery and civilization meet. Domesticating nature -Homestead Act of 1862 Signed by Lincoln at the beginning/during the Civil War. Meant that Union supporters were the ones granted land†¦ â€Å"Any person†¦ Who has never borne arms against the United States Government. † -First granted 160 acres, increased to 640 acres in 1904. This in itself sets up white privilege through the descendants of homesteaders. Manifest Destiny American Empire The American Empire is the idea that America has, in its past, utilized military tactics to increase land and resource holdings. The Philippines example from class â€Å"taking them for their own good†, as well as the Spanish-American war of 1896 -Hegemony, -American Exceptionalness -American imperialism (ex: eagle spreading its wings over many countries) Reading concept explanation: What does the author mean? What does it mean in a larger context? Example outside of class The Globalization of Michael Jordan by Walter Leveler: â€Å"The September 11 horrors raised, in the most stark and bloody terms, questions about the new capitalism that had shaped American-led globalization of the previous thirty years† (165-66). The terrorists who committed the crimes of 9-11 were a part of AH Qaeda, a religious organization that hated the US for corrupting their homelands and Saudi Arabia. The terrorists saw the US as the source of capitalism which they hate. Where the Girls Are by Susan Douglas: â€Å"American women today are a bundle of contradictions because much of the media imagery we grew up with was itself filled with mixed messages about what women should and should not do, what women could and could not be. This was true in the asses and it is true today’ (9). The American woman has thus emerged as a bundle of contradictions, seeking to be simultaneously passive and active, outspoken and diet, selfish and selfless, thrifty and profligate, daring and scared, and who had better know which persona to assume when† double standards The media has done number of things to confuse the roles of women. One such example is the producer ethos versus consumer ethos. At first the media was portrayi ng a producer ethos, but then there was a conflict, because they needed consumers to consume the produce of the producers. Therein lays contradiction nature of the media imposition on women. Magazines; pageants; Double V, Double Time: Bebop’s Politics of Style by Eric Lott: â€Å"Bebop was about asking disciplined imagination alive and answerable to the social change of the time† (597). Bebop was not protest music but it was played during a time of protest. I would say that according to black they saw it as more of their own thing not a rebellion Something they had and whites didn’t,. It was something for them to identify with. It was kind of like a voice for them I’d say, not so much a rebellion if that makes sense at all. And while bebop said there was a riot going on, it was hardly protest music† (597) -Double V- African Americans wanting equality at home and actor in Germany -Bebop: fast paced, lots of solos, said to be too loud and aggressive -Wanted something that whites couldn’t play. Identity for blacks Change the way people think along with the times, ope ning up the mind -Bebop was about making a change for blacks, a social change -Bebop, which breaks the paradigms established by its contemporaries, was seen as rebellious to WHITES and seen by blacks as something that was fully theirs. White culture interpret it as another coot suit riot -Punk Rock/metal, EDM? , youth in revolt, counter-culture in general Disability and the Justification of Inequality in American History by Douglas Boonton: â€Å"Thus, while disabled people can be considered one of the minority groups historically assigned inferior status and subjected to discrimination, disability has functioned for all such groups as a sign of and Justification of inferiority’ (34). Disability has been used to justify other historically inferior groups Boonton mentions Women’s suffrage, African American civil rights, and restriction of immigration -Women were deemed too emotional to vote, to have rights. Emotionality was used as a disability against women o say that they weren’t good enough -Race was used as a disability saying that others were inferior because of something like blindness, deafness, mental illness to justify segregation and immigration restrictions Disability that they weren’t as developed. People were too weak. Didn’t look strong enough†couldn’t enter US- immigration restriction -The same reasons/differences that are used to assign inferiority and give rise to discrimination are the same reasons the people with disabilities use to argue for were helping out lesser races but really we were going in for land and resources– babe? Immigrations exclusion acts: -Early 20th century: you look like you have poor physique- can’t immigrate 1903- epilepsy, insanity- can’t immigrate 1907-mental or physical defect which may affect you-can’t immigrate Haunted America by Patricia Limerick â€Å"Somewhere in the asses, the term [frontier] might undergo a crucial shift, toward the reality of la frontier and away from the fantasy of the frontier. That shift in meaning will be the measure of great change in this nation’s understanding of its own origins† (92). She argues that overall it is not very useful to look back at one’s story since all this does is make an individual conscience of the fear to repeat it, and that the only way to learn is through an action. Says that by the white man’s conquest we have intertwined the lives of native Americans and Anglo Saxons and we now have a more Joined nation through the tragedies experienced by both sides. -In terms of ‘la front ier’ this is reference to the Mexican American border. Wild west; manifest destiny -The Last Samurai, you can literally draw direct parallels from white men pushing west in America to the new Chinese government extermination of the old Samurai ay of life Cultural studies scholar Priscilla Wald: â€Å"Institutional racism and structural violence share the assumption that the distribution of power through which the state regulates life is a form of violence† (191). Structural and institutional racism see the ways in which people of color are disadvantaged by government where it is avoidable -They aren’t given the same opportunities or help as white people -The way that the government doesn’t help these struggling races is a how there is structural and institutional racism and it is an act of violence even though it is not direct physical violence. Ignoring them is violence Individual vs.. Institutional racism natural disaster vs.. Structural violence Hurric ane Strain: blacks not helped. Tourist (white) parts of the city rebuilt 100% but dominantly black neighborhoods still devastated. Government said they would come in to help but never did. American Studies is about making connections and asking good questions, and then making an argument based on the appropriate evidence. Your essay should engage with the ideas and arguments of at least four different primary or secondary texts from class. The primary texts can include any of the films, songs, novels, memoirs, or poems that we have covered so far in class. Your essay should at least cite one primary or secondary text (but no more than two) from before the midterm. An exemplary essay will have a clearly stated argument that is developed through your examples/ evidence. (You might even want to underline your argument to be absolutely clear). Be sure to explain and analyze the connections you are making between the texts and/or course themes that you are citing. You are not limited to material explicitly discussed in lecture and discussion and, in fact, are encouraged to cite examples that have not been discussed in lecture and discussion as it will reveal How to cite AMS Final Study Guide, Papers

Advanced Risk and Uncertainity Management

Question: Describe about the "Mfb Melbourne Fire Brigade". Answer: Introduction This task aims at analyzing the risk assessment in Melbourne Fire Brigade through comparison of models. In addition to that the eventual outcome of fire through probality matrix, risk analysis and risk register are used to explain further on the operations and activies of the fire station. The risk structure break down provides a general summary of the whole organization in stages and easier way. The essentials and challenges in the model are pointed out in the course of the paper. Melbourne fire brigade (mfb) Risks assessment models Fig 1 Systems And Simulation Models Risk levels indicated in the table above form the basis for deciding on whether it is necessary to improve existing controls or introduce new ones , as well as the timing of actions : The strategy to be followed in the risk assessment includes the following steps : Danger Identification Risk valuation according to the possibility of becoming accident and the outcomes of the catastrophe Deduct tolerable The Risk Regulation Strategy must include guidelines for : Combat the risks at base Adapt work to the individual , together with the choice of accessories and techniques of work and production , with a view in particular to getting rid of monotonous and recurring work in order to reduce its effects on overall health . Take into consideration the development of technology . Replace the hazardous by involving minimal risk Adopt procedures that put combined effort protection to the individual . Giving suitable instructions to workers ( Tanaka , Akimoto , Inoue , 2012 ) . This plan should be evaluated routinely to make changes if changes in jobs . The company must have for specifications of the Act with an overview of the final results of the Risk Assessment ; Endeavours should be intended to reduce the risk , determining the necessary investments . Measures to reduce the risk should be carried out in a given period . When the measured risk is associated with extremely harmful consequences , further action will be needed to establish more precisely the likelihood of harm as a basis for determining the need for improved control measures ( Stockstrom Herstatt , 2012 ) . Currently Used Model Is Firebrigade Intervention Model Risk assessment model Fig.2 This model inputs and outputs are : Inputs Initial evaluate and periodically each of the production procedures of the business from a proactive point of view . Analyze modern production processes from model , eliminating hazards at their source Control processes from a precautionary point of view . Remove all of the the dangers which can be technically and monetarily possible , setting up plans to eliminate the dangers that simply cannot be today , it may be the average and long lasting . Establish collective safety measures to keep workers off from the dangers that could not be eliminated Establish combined effort safety measures for protection Systematically create basic safety inspections ( Hu , 2013 ) . Inform personnel of the risks and hazards to which they are subjected . Adequately educate workers in the utilization of protective measures established Periodically assess all technical measures taken to guarantee continuous development . Outputs High Setting of specifications and general or used on processes or alternatively methods specific administration areas . This model requires to be followed to the later and if any stage is skipped the whole model collapse . Procedures preventive approach requires highly sophisticated apparatus and very costly in the acquisition of protective materials , vehicles , alarm system and all the necessary equipment required for its operation ( Vasilcovschi Munteanu , 2014 ) . There is need for setting specifications and contractual commitments , contracts and subcontracts , to ensure information and coordination on prevention . Inner rules as well as processes for the allocation of staff ( completely new hires or even transforms job ) , guaranteeing fitness ( prior healthcare evaluation ) , working out , needed training , guidance in the work of the job to fill and obligatory information risks in the same . Specifications as well as methods for working with special hazards and formalize work permits . Rules and also operating proce sses essential to enforce fulfillment with preventive measures set up in the standard growth and development of the activity ( research of incidents as well as incidents , basic safety information sheets tasks , etc . Set in conjunction with the specialized office preventive routine maintenance programs and reviews premises , equipment and also facilities ( Heckerman Mamdani , n .d . ). Comparison There first motel shows a centralized way of handling the risk of fire at hand while the second is a structure that has been disintegrated to handle the risk . The current model is structure in stages while the model subject is a way in which without a certain procedure followed will still function normally . No need to improve preventive action . However , improvements should be considered more cost-effective solutions or which do not have a significant economic burden . Periodic checks are required to ensure the effectiveness of control measures is maintained . Risk assessments for which there is no specific legislation : We must use international or national standards or technical official body or bodies of reputable guides . Risk assessments that require specific methods of analysis : contemplating serious risks such as fires , explosions , etc . which they have specific legislation ( Xiao , 2012 ) . Risk break down structure for fire risk analysis Risk break down structure for fire risk analysis This is the arrangement of risks from the top to the lowest by decomposing the highest risks as you move down the structure. The fire station organization It includes: inadequate funding due to allocation of less revenue by the county government of Melbourne and few or no wellwishers input. Activies schedules maybe unorganized or less defined. Unrealistics goals for the organization that may lead to failure. External risks It includes: Catastrophic occurances such as earthquakes or even storms. Weather conditions that might be unfavourable such as windy conditions that spread fire faster and randomly. Workers issues that includes sickness, strikes, inadequate equipments and so forth Technical Risks It includes: Untested technology that might go wrong or give negative results. Performance risks where workers input may be below par. Quality of technology that is not upto the level of dealing with big fire situations. Management risk It includes: Planning of resources and time because these two are important in ensuring that the fire risk is eliminated completely if the allocation is right. Cost estimates maybe overestimated or underestimated whereby the risk of failure is more. Budget and equipments is important in planning ahead and ensuring efficiency operation of the fire brigade station. Risk Analysis A . Category of work routines a preliminary danger evaluation step is to prepare a list of work activities , grouping them in a rational and also feasible way ( De Marchi , 2003 ) . One possible way of classifying function activities is as follows : 1 . Exterior centers of the company Areas . 2 . Levels in the production process or perhaps in offering a service . 3 . Job and structured maintenance . 4 . Projects defined , for instance , forklift wheelers . For each and every work , activity could possibly be necessary to have data , inter alia on the following elements : to . Tasks . Its length and rate of recurrence . b . Areas exactly where work is done . c . Who does indeed the work , both of them long lasting and informal . d . Some people who could possibly be affected by work actions . And . Training programs has personnel had on the performance of his obligations . Qualitative techniques : are characterized by not switching to numerical computations . They can be general methods together with relative methods . Semi qualitative methods : the will need to initiate a quantitative assessment concerning frequencies of occurrence of a particular occasion because they are known as strategies to determining number of occurrence , or epitomized by resorting to a category of the areas of a facility depending on a series quantifying damages index : dangers indices . The following table gives a simple method for estimating the risk levels according to their estimated probability and its expected consequences ( Chen , 2013 ) . Risk Register is an application used in management of risks and also known as risk log. Risk registers maybe either qualitive or quantitive depending on the probalities; qualitive is the level used medium, low or high while quantitive is the numerical such as MFB case as shown below. Melbourne Fire Brigade Risk Register RISK CATEGORY AND THE NUMBER 1. RISK DESCRIPTION RISK CONSEQUENCES RAW RISK (1-5) LOWEST = 1 HIGHEST = 5 MITIGATION/ CONTROL RESIDUAL RISK AFTER MITIGATION/ CONTROL (1-5) LIKELY HOOD(L) CONSQ UENCES(C) L*C LIKELY HOOD(L) CONSQ UENCES(C) L*C INADEQUATE FUNDS 2. Lack of equipments and unable to deliver services promptly Leads to loss of more property and lives due to delayed response 3 3 9 Through policies and national government support more sources of funds are available. 2 3 6 UNORGANISED ACTIVIES SCHEDULE 3. Activities are performed in a disoganised manner lacking priority Leads to loss of important properties or important things are done last 4 5 20 Through use of to do list and project managers the organization of the station can be achieved. 2 5 10 UNREALISTIC GOALS 4. The goals might be too high to be achieved within a certain timeframe Leads to lack of ambition and failure to do things that are necessary 3 4 12 Engaging all the relevant parties before setting goals minimize possibility of unrealism. 2 4 8 CATASTROPHIC OCCURRENCE 5. This is unexpected occurances beyond human being control Inability to reach the desired point in time and increased delay 3 4 12 The forecast technology and having a cushion in case such occurance does happen. 2 4 8 WEATHER CONDITIONS 6. Unfavourable weather conditions such as sunny and windy These conditions acceretate forest fires and leads to uncontrollable results 2 4 8 Using the data from metreological department often. 1 4 4 WORKERS ISSUES 7. Sometimes workers get sick or engage in strikes This may lead to little or no work done that may have dire consequences such as more deaths 4 5 20 Having extra workers and standby employees to help ease pressure if one is unavailable 3 5 15 UNTESTED TECHNOLOGY 8. Technology that is yet to be proved right or effective and is implemented There maybe system failure or lack of co-ordinated work 2 5 10 Making sure that a certain procedure is used before a new technology is implemented. 1 5 5 PERFORMANCE CRISIS 9. This might occur due to demotivated workers or lack of necessary equipments May lead to increased property loss or more deaths 3 5 15 Using incentives and bonuses to motivate workers 2 5 10 QUALITY OF TECHNOLOGY 10. Low quality or outdated technology There times when such a technology may lead to loss of property or machine failures 3 3 9 Ensuring stratergies to implement up-to-date technology are put in place 2 3 6 PLANNING OF RESOURCES AND TIME 11. Where the planning is disorganized and lack a motive There are few accomplished tasks and less co-ordination of to do list 3 4 12 Having personnel specialized in planning such as project managers 2 4 8 COST ESTIMATES 12. Where there are overestimation or underestimation of costs There might be misconception or ill advised activities done due to tese wrong figures 4 5 20 Having accountants and financial analysts look at their costs before estimating 3 4 12 BUDGET AND EQUIPMENTS OR APPARATUS 13. The budget might be condensed and with no ability to accommodate more repetitive and spontaneous activities There might be few accomplished tasks or some situation needing dire assistance left for self results to be obtained. 3 4 12 Devising methods to increase revenue and income and appealing to more well wishers. 2 4 8 Probability index using probability formula P R O B A B I L I T Y I N D E X FREQUENT LIKELY OCCASSIONAL SELDOM UNLIKELY A B C D E S E V E R I T Y CATASTROPHIC I 1 2 6 8 12 CRITICAL II 3 4 7 11 15 MODERATE III 5 9 10 14 16 NEGLIGIBLE IV 13 17 18 19 20 R I S K L E V E L S (1-20) 1-LOWEST AND 20-HIGHEST Since the probability is linked directly to the results of experience, the fact that an event occurs, you can change the probability of others. The process of making data on fire history, explore and further tests illustrates this principle (Zhang, 2013). The probability that event A occurs if the B event has occurred is called conditional probability defined and this definition is consistent, i.e. meets the probability axioms. Conclusion The models used in Melbourne Fire Brigade are effective and are stilling doing great service to the community at large. However, as illustrated in the first model few alterations ought to be done to eensure faster and timely response to fire risk. Also the station has a structure that is ideally focused to the local people and through use of probality index they ought to asses their alternatives in future. The risk register as shown has the capability to summarise data entry and it is easier to retrieve information in future with it regularly visited by any assigned groupor individual. References Chen, J. Sun, C. (2010). Nanoparticles: Aspects of Safety and Risk Management. AMR, 113-116, 222-225. De Marchi, B. (2003). Comments on Ortwin Renn's article 'Hormesis and risk communication': considerations about uncertainity, ignorance and governance. Human Experimental Toxicology, 22(1), 25-29. Heckerman, D. Mamdani, A. Uncertainty in artificial intelligence. Hu, Z. (2013). Preventive Resettlement and Risk Reduction Strategy Analysis in Disaster Risk Management System. AMR, 838-841, 2185-2189. Stockstrom, C. Herstatt, C. (2012). Planning and uncertainity in new product development. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 40(4), 68-79. Tanaka, K., Akimoto, H., Inoue, M. (2012). Production risk management system with demand probability distribution. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 26(1), 46- Vasilcovschi, N. Munteanu, G. (2014). IDEAS in AGORA: Decision-Making Risk: The Difference Between Risk And Uncertainity In Economic Activities. Human And Wang, Y. (2012). International Logistics Risk Management. AMR, 433-440, 3112-3116. Xiao, X. (2012). Business Logistics Outsourcing Risk and Management. AMR, 479-481, 1718-1721. Zhang, L. (2013). Research of Risk Management About Construction Enterprises. AMR, 838-841, 3127-3130.